The Library

Live counts as of 7 November 2026: 2,854,118 documents / 128,499,000 passages across 327 registered, synced sources (the full registry counts 369 rows: 336 corpus sources, 5 local shelves, and 28 feature modules), plus 5,281,593 dictionary entries on the reference shelf and 25.5 million gold lemma annotations in 53 languages (a further 36,155,944 lemma rows in 18 languages ride an honestly labelled silver tier — machine-suggested or upstream-undisambiguated, excluded from gold-only search). Classical Arabic is the largest language in the catalog at 33.3 million passages, ahead of Early Modern English (28.8 million) and Literary Chinese (20.7 million), with Japanese, Latin and Ancient Greek next; 277 language codes appear in all, each resolving through the historical-stage ladders described on the Languages page.

The table lists every collection. Its sizes were read from the live catalog on 7 November 2026 and are regenerated at every development gate. Each collection name links to its short description below, and each row is itself linkable by shelf name — /library/#shelf-celtic, /library/#shelf-korean. The authoritative shelf map is docs/library.md in the repository; the same shelves grouped by scholarly desk, each with its instruments, CLI recipes and terminal setup, are the research desks.

Collection Contents Period Size (documents / passages) License class
Classical Greek Perseus: Homer, the tragedians, Herodotus, Plato, Galen, with aligned English translations 8th c. BCE – 3rd c. CE 1,419 / 394,706 CC BY-SA
Post-classical Greek First1KGreek: Athenaeus, Philo, church fathers, Swete’s Septuagint 3rd c. BCE – 6th c. CE 1,544 / 335,210 CC BY-SA
Greek silver layer Diorisis and GLAUx: machine-lemmatized second editions of the Greek canon, honestly labelled Homer – early Byzantium 2,188 / 1,485,083 CC BY-SA / mixed per document
Classical Latin Perseus: Vergil, Ovid, Cicero, Livy, Tacitus, with aligned English translations 3rd c. BCE – Late Antiquity 810 / 501,963 CC BY-SA
Latin–Romance continuum digilibLT late-antique Latin, openMGH, CroALa, Corpus Córporum’s Patrologia; BFM Old French, the Galician-Portuguese cantigas, Old Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Occitan, Sardinian and Judeo-Spanish shelves; NOSCEMUS’s early modern scientific Latin, the Socinian correspondence, the mazarinades of the Fronde 2nd c. CE – early modern 19,451 / 5,593,298 CC BY / CC BY-SA / NC / written grant
Liturgy and chant The service books and sung repertory of medieval Christendom: Divinum Officium’s traditional Roman Breviary and Missal, GregoBase’s Gregorian chant transcriptions, the Cantus Database’s manuscript chant inventories, the Analecta Hymnica scans, the Greek Orthodox service books and Ponomar’s Church Slavonic Hours late antiquity – 20th c. 179,970 / 407,609 PD / CC0 / NC / GPL
Documentary papyri Papyri.info DDbDP: contracts, letters, tax receipts (Greek, Coptic, Latin, Arabic, Demotic) c. 300 BCE – 8th c. CE 72,327 / 1,125,166 CC BY
Latin inscriptions Epigraphic Database Heidelberg: epitaphs, dedications, milestones from the whole empire, with genre facets Republic – Late Antiquity 81,881 / 406,306 CC BY-SA
Greek inscriptions Attic Inscriptions Online: the inscriptions of Attica in English translation, with AIO’s own Greek editions Archaic – Roman 4,002 / 67,429 CC BY-SA
Armenian inscriptions ArmEpiC: the Artsakh inscriptions — donation records, building texts and khachkars of the monasteries of Khachen, lemmatized and translated 12th – 20th c. CE 50 / 374 CC BY-NC
Inscriptions of Italy Epigraphic Database Roma: the peninsula itself, the geographic complement of Heidelberg’s provinces — dated and faceted end to end Republic – Late Antiquity 115,590 / 596,064 CC BY
Celtic CorPH Early Irish (gold-lemmatized), the RIIG Gaulish inscriptions, the Ogham in 3D stones c. 2nd c. BCE – 10th c. CE 5,159 / 210,988 CC BY / MIT (ogham held nc pending clarification)
Coptic Coptic Scriptorium: the complete Sahidic and Bohairic New Testaments, monastic and patristic prose, gold-lemmatized c. 3rd – 10th c. CE 502 / 74,778 CC BY per document (source class nc)
Sanskrit GRETIL: Rāmāyaṇa, purāṇas, kāvya, śāstra, the Ṛgveda with Vedic accents c. 1200 BCE – 18th c. CE 1,808 / 724,270 CC BY-NC-SA
Indic expansion SARIT, SuttaCentral (the segmented Pali canon with aligned English and its variant apparatus), the gold-lemmatized DCS, Classical Newar (DACON) Veda – early modern 29,082 / 2,445,324 CC BY / CC BY-SA / NC per source
South Asia The DHARMA Tamil-country and Deccan epigraphy estates, Siddham’s Gupta-era inscriptions, the printed South Indian Inscriptions volumes, TAMILEX’s critical editions of the classical Tamil canon, Project Madurai’s e-texts, Ollett’s Kannada and Prakrit editions, the Gurmukhī scriptural canon, the Gujarati bhakti prints c. 3rd c. BCE – 19th c. CE 32,205 / 1,994,756 CC BY / BY-SA / BY-NC-SA / PD per source
Treebanks PROIEL, TOROT, UD, ISWOC: gold lemma, morphology, and syntax 5th c. BCE – 18th c. CE 140 / 416,922 mostly CC BY-NC-SA
Cuneiform ORACC, over a hundred projects: the complete State Archives of Assyria, the Achaemenid trilinguals, the ePSD2 corpora, the CC0 project pack, with aligned English translations late 4th mill. – 4th c. BCE 118,367 / 1,800,218 CC0
Ancient Near East TLHdig Hittite and the glossed Hittite texts, the Luwian corpus, the CDLI catalog, eBL Fragmentarium, Achemenet Babylonian, SEAL, Ugaritic (CUC), Peshitta and the Syriac corpus, ETCSL Sumerian literature late 4th mill. BCE – 13th c. CE 467,945 / 3,290,110 CC BY / CC0 / NC / personal grants per source
Ugarit (Ras Shamra) The RSTI tablet inventory: RS↔KTU concordances, findspots, published editions at line grain Late Bronze Age 5,075 / 740 CC BY-NC-SA (written grant)
Hebrew & Aramaic OSHB and BHSA Masoretic text, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Sefaria Targums, the inscriptions of Israel/Palestine c. 1000 BCE – 10th c. CE 8,621 / 1,217,378 CC BY / NC per source
Elephantine The island’s multilingual documentary record: Aramaic, Greek, Demotic, Egyptian, Coptic, with English translation siblings 3rd mill. BCE – Islamic Egypt 15,539 / 69,350 CC BY-SA
Arabic & Persian OpenITI: Quran and hadith, history and biography, fiqh, kalām and falsafa, the dīwāns and adab; the Persian classics; the DiCCAS disaster corpus 7th c. – early modern 135,254 / 36,085,733 CC BY-NC-SA
Iranian & the Silk Road The Invisible East documents, Skjærvø’s Khotanese manuscripts, the trilingual Kaʿba-ye Zartošt inscription, Hafez in Perseus — and the TITUS grant estate: the Avestan canon, the Pahlavi books, the Bactrian documents, the Manichaica, the Khotanese and Sogdian books, and the complete Tocharian A and B corpora 3rd c. BCE – 14th c. CE 3,678 / 37,857 CC BY / CC BY-SA / personal grants (nc)
Turkic & Mongolic ATMO’s Eastern Turki manuscripts, Street’s Secret History of the Mongols 13th – 20th c. 16 / 8,457 CC BY-SA / use grant
Egyptian The TLA sentence corpora (AES + Late Egyptian/Demotic), gold-lemmatized late 4th mill. – 1st c. BCE 26,017 / 261,950 CC BY-SA
Ethiopic (Gǝʿǝz) Beta maṣāḥǝft works incl. the Gǝʿǝz Bible; the TraCES gold-analyzed corpus with the Aksumite royal inscriptions Aksumite – the manuscript tradition 3,840 / 142,376 CC BY-SA / NC
Pre-Roman Italy & Sicily CEIPoM, ItAnt, the Etruscan editions, TIR, Lexicon Leponticum, I.Sicily 7th c. BCE – Roman 20,684 / 33,558 CC BY per source
Aegean scripts DĀMOS, the Mycenaean Linear B corpus; SigLA, the signs of Linear A; the Cypriot syllabic inscriptions (IG XV 1,1) 2nd mill. BCE – Hellenistic 7,659 / 19,198 CC BY / NC per source
Biblical editions Clementine Vulgate, SBL Greek New Testament, World English Bible — 284 / 130,134 PD / CC BY
Old English poetry The complete Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records: Beowulf, the Exeter Book, Dream of the Rood c. 700–1150 351 / 30,636 CC BY-SA
Middle and Early Modern English The Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse; the TCP’s EEBO, Evans and ECCO transcriptions — English print on both sides of the Atlantic; the Folger’s EMMO manuscripts; the Stationers’ Register and the Statutes of the Realm c. 1100 – 1800 79,949 / 30,877,334 PD / CC0 / CC BY-SA
Slavic CCMH OCS gospel codices, the Freising Manuscripts, Early Modern Slovenian with Korpus 16’s Protestant prints, the damaskini, Scripta Bulgarica, the Wikisource cones, the Ipatiev chronicle, the 1488 Prague Bible, Protestant prints, the Croatian school canon, the Serbian novel and Bible, the German Slavistics canon c. 1000 – early 20th c. 14,042 / 2,325,468 CC BY / CC BY-SA / PD / NC (Freising BY-ND)
Baltic, Finnic and Basque SENIE, early written Latvian; VAKK, Old Written Estonian; VKS, Old Literary Finnish; BIM/SAHCOBA, the syntactically annotated historical Basque corpus 16th – 19th c. CE 3,378 / 282,542 CC BY / NC per source
Chinese libraries Kanripo (KR1 classics – KR5 Daoist canon), the CBETA Buddhist canon (Taishō + Xuzangjing), Chinese Wikisource’s censused works, the Classical↔Modern parallel corpus, the Đại Việt classical shelf Zhou – Qing 35,752 / 17,570,966 CC BY-SA / CC BY-NC-SA / MIT
Korean The Joseon Veritable Records and the Royal Secretariat diaries, the Goryeo histories, the Border Defense Command register, the ITKC classical originals, the Open Korean Historical Corpus, the Yongbi eocheon ga Goryeo – late Joseon 1,201,025 / 6,017,332 KOGL open / CC BY-NC
Tibetan The Derge Kangyur and Tengyur complete, the 84000 English translations, the Old Tibetan documents (OTDO), the SOAS gold-POS corpus 8th c. – the 18th-c. Derge woodblocks 13,612 / 2,003,270 PD / CC BY / CC BY-NC-ND (84000)
Japanese Aozora Bunko, the National Diet Library’s classical OCR stacks, Minna de Honkoku, Japanese Wikisource, the NIJL and Genji TEI editions, ONCOJ’s gold-morphology Old Japanese, NINJAL’s Jesuit mission-press romanizations 7th c. – 20th c. CE 88,398 / 6,581,747 open / CC BY / CC BY-SA
Southeast Asia The DHARMA epigraphy of Old Khmer, Cham, Pyu and the Nusantara charters, the Old Javanese kakawin library, the Old Burmese inscriptions of Bagan, the Balinese lontar transcriptions, the Jawi-script Malay manuscripts, the Thai Collected Chronicles c. 5th c. CE – the lontar tradition 4,619 / 184,442 CC BY / CC BY-SA / PD
Germanic Menotec and Menota Old Norse, Old Swedish, the Old Saxon Heliand, ReM, ReN and ReF (Middle High, Middle Low and Early New High German), the Deutsches Textarchiv, Old and Middle Dutch, the Rundata runic corpus c. 200 – 1969 CE 40,752 / 2,532,064 nc / CC BY / CC BY-SA / ODbL / research_private
Africa Boston University’s African Ajami Library (Hausa, Mandinka, Fula and Wolof manuscripts in Arabic script), the Old Nubian treebank, a public-domain shelf of nineteenth-century African-language grammars and texts medieval Nubia – 20th c. 91 / 4,365 PD / NC per source
The Americas Ticha’s colonial Valley Zapotec, Guaman Poma’s Nueva corónica 16th – 18th c. CE 1,282 / 7,014 PD / CC BY-SA
Reference shelf LSJ, Lewis & Short, Bosworth-Toller, Monier-Williams, LEME’s early modern English word-books, Wiktionary lexica and reconstruction dictionaries, the IE-CoR, LIV, and de Vaan etymological witnesses, the StarLing / Tower of Babel databases, three Slovenian historical dictionaries, Brückner and Nasovič, the Welsh GPC, the Hebrew and Egyptian lexica, the Sino-Japanese desk (Unihan, KANJIDIC2/JMdict, HDIC, the Chinese rime books), the Tibetan rack (Mahāvyutpatti, the Verbs Database, the Monlam headwords), Dillmann’s Gǝʿǝz lexicon, DÉRom, CLICS and WOLD — 5,281,593 entries CC BY-SA / CC BY / CC BY-NC-SA / written grant

Classical Greek literature

The Perseus Digital Library’s canonical-greekLit collection: Homer, Hesiod, the tragedians, Aristophanes, Herodotus, Thucydides, Plato, Aristotle, the orators, Plutarch and Galen, from the Archaic period to about the third century CE, most editions with an aligned English translation displayable side by side. Citations follow the canonical schemes (book and line, Stephanus pages) under stable CTS URNs. Licensed CC BY-SA.

Post-classical Greek

The First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek & Latin): Athenaeus, Philo, the church fathers, grammarians, scholia, minor historians, and medical and mathematical writers, mostly Hellenistic through Late Antique, with a thin English layer. Swete’s Septuagint, on this shelf, is the Greek witness of the Old Testament alignment. Licensed CC BY-SA.

The Greek silver layer

Two machine-annotated editions of the Greek canon, Homer to early Byzantium, kept deliberately unmerged beside the Perseus and First1K copies of the same works: the Diorisis Ancient Greek Corpus (Vatri & McGillivray) and GLAUx (Keersmaekers, Leuven). Their lemmas and morphology are labelled silver — machine-produced, excluded from gold-only search — and make lemma search possible across the whole canon. CC BY-SA, mixed per document.

Classical Latin literature

Perseus canonical-latinLit: Vergil, Ovid, Horace, Cicero, Caesar, Livy, Tacitus and Seneca, many with aligned English translations. Orthographic variation (u/v, i/j) is folded at search, so iuvenis, juvenis and iuuenis find the same word. Licensed CC BY-SA.

The Latin–Romance continuum

Latin after antiquity and its daughter languages, held as one band. The Latin side: digilibLT’s late-antique secular prose of the second to seventh centuries (CC BY-SA), the openMGH critical editions of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica (CC BY), CroALa’s Croatian Latinity (CC BY), and Corpus Córporum’s Patrologia Latina and wider Latin library (non-commercial). The vernacular side: the Base de français médiéval (Old and Middle French from the Serments de Strasbourg of 842), the complete secular Galician-Portuguese cantigas (by written grant), the Old Spanish Textual Archive, Spanish sonnets, Portuguese literary works, the public-domain Catalan of CTILC, and smaller Occitan, Aranese, Sardinian and Judeo-Spanish shelves — the last three modern, labelled where an upstream says its text is synthetic. The early modern reach: the NOSCEMUS Digital Sourcebook’s scientific Latin — over a thousand printed books of medicine, astronomy and natural history, Kepler and Bacon among them, as uncorrected machine-read text, declared as such (CC BY); the Socinian correspondence of the Mainz Academy edition, 1,869 letters of the Polish Brethren and their circle, 1545–1744, mostly Latin (CC BY); and the mazarinades of the Fronde, 3,067 French pamphlets of 1648–1653 from the Antonomaz project, classed by Moreau’s bibliography (CC BY).

Liturgy and chant

The texts the medieval Church actually sang and prayed, held as one cross-language shelf. The Latin side: Divinum Officium’s traditional Roman Breviary and Missal whole — propers, commons, the Vulgate psalter verse by verse, the Martyrology and the Rule of St Benedict, from the 1888 Ratisbon breviary through the 1960 rubrics (public-domain texts); GregoBase’s community-transcribed Gregorian repertory, some eighteen thousand chants held as sung text with their GABC notation beside them (CC0); the Cantus Database’s chant-by-chant inventories of three hundred medieval manuscripts, each chant as its scribe spelled it with feast, office, mode and Cantus ID (non-commercial); and the Analecta Hymnica, the 55-volume corpus of medieval Latin hymnody, as public-domain scans in uncorrected OCR. The Greek side: the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese’s service books — the Menaia, Octoechos, Triodion, Pentecostarion, Horologion and Euchologion — with their red rubrics kept apart from the sung text (public domain by the maintainer’s own statement). The Slavic side: Ponomar’s Hours in Synodal Church Slavonic in full Church Cyrillic orthography (GPL). The chant shelves share the Cantus ID, so the same antiphon can be followed from a St Gall manuscript to its modern Solesmes transcription.

Documentary papyri

The Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri via papyri.info: contracts, tax receipts, petitions, private letters, census returns, leases and court records from Ptolemaic to early Islamic Egypt — chiefly Greek, with Coptic, Latin, Arabic and Demotic. Leiden-convention editorial markup is preserved, and the fragment-search index (see Tools) is built over this shelf. Licensed CC BY.

Latin inscriptions

The Epigraphic Database Heidelberg, held as a preservation snapshot of an archived project (CC BY-SA): epitaphs, dedications, honorific and building inscriptions and milestones from the provinces, in Latin with the Greek bilinguals. The Epigraphic Database Roma (Sapienza, CC BY) covers Italy itself. Both are dated and faceted — genre, material, object type, and province or region — and Leiden rendering and fragment search apply as on the papyri.

Greek inscriptions

Attic Inscriptions Online (British School at Athens, CC BY-SA): the inscriptions of ancient Attica in English translation — decrees of the Council and People and of the demes, laws, dedications, funerary monuments, accounts, ephebic and prytany lists — line by line with the translators’ footnotes, AIO’s own Greek editions where the project has published them, and every record dated, Pleiades-placed and carrying its IG/SEG concordance.

Armenian inscriptions

ArmEpiC, the Armenian Epigraphic Corpus (EPFL): the ArtsakhEpiC collection — the inscriptions of the monasteries, churches, bridges and cross-stones of Artsakh, most from the thirteenth century. Donation records of the abbots and princes of Khachen at Gandzasar and Dadivank, building texts, khachkars raised for the souls of the dead, and memorial lines asking passers-by for their prayers, each stone transcribed diplomatically with its letter-numerals as carved, every word lemmatized, the findspots mapped and the dates typed. Written Classical Armenian (grabar) with Middle Armenian vernacular features.

Celtic

CorPH, the Corpus PalaeoHibernicum (Maynooth): Early Irish of the seventh to tenth centuries — the Annals of Ulster, Adomnán’s Vita Columbae, Blathmac, the Milan, St Gall and Würzburg glosses, law, poetry and computus — gold-lemmatized, with the glosses’ Latin marked token by token. RIIG (Ausonius, Bordeaux, CC BY): Gaulish inscriptions in Gallo-Greek and Gallo-Latin scripts with French translations. Ogham in 3D (DIAS / Maynooth): ogham stones in Ogham script with transliteration layers, held non-commercial because its two published license statements conflict. Irish and Welsh dictionary extracts and the Old Irish treebanks complete the shelf.

Coptic

Coptic Scriptorium: the complete Sahidic and Bohairic New Testaments, monastic and patristic prose and hagiography, with upstream gold lemmatization. The two New Testaments are witnesses in the alignment hub, and the corpus’s language-of-origin tags make Coptic’s Greek loanwords searchable. CC BY per document; the source is held at the non-commercial class.

Sanskrit

GRETIL, the Göttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages: the Vedic saṃhitās, the Rāmāyaṇa, the purāṇas, kāvya, dharmaśāstra, philosophy and the technical traditions. Vedic accents are preserved; commentary layers are separately citable (kārikā against vṛtti). Licensed CC BY-NC-SA, for non-commercial research use.

The Indic expansion

The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit (Hellwig, CC BY), with human-verified sandhi splitting, lemmatization and morphology — the gold Sanskrit lemma layer. SARIT’s scholarly TEI editions of works GRETIL lacks, including a complete Southern-Recension Mahābhārata. SuttaCentral’s whole Pali Tipiṭaka in roman script (mostly CC0), with English translations on the same segments and the variant readings, print-edition concordances and translators’ notes of its apparatus. DACON (CC BY): Classical Newar manuscripts, morphosyntactically annotated.

South Asia

The DHARMA project’s epigraphy of the Tamil country and the Deccan (Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Sanskrit, Prakrit; Śaka and Kollam era dates converted to CE), Siddham’s Gupta-era inscriptions, and the printed South Indian Inscriptions volumes with their original editors credited. The literary canon: TAMILEX (Hamburg) critical editions of the Caṅkam anthologies, the Tirukkuṟaḷ with its commentators, Tolkāppiyam and the devotional canons, with a gold word-segmentation layer; Project Madurai’s e-texts; Andrew Ollett’s Kannada and Prakrit editions; the Gurmukhī scripture of the Sikh canon at line grain; and nineteenth-century Gujarati bhakti prints. CC BY, BY-SA, BY-NC-SA or public domain per source.

Morphosyntactic treebanks

Gold-standard annotation — lemma, morphology and dependency syntax per token — from four families: PROIEL (the New Testament in Greek, Latin, Gothic, Classical Armenian and Old Church Slavonic, with classical prose), TOROT (Old East Slavic and OCS), ISWOC (Old English prose), and the ancient-language treebanks of Universal Dependencies, from Vedic Sanskrit and Hittite to Old Irish, Classical Chinese, Old Icelandic, Old Turkic and the Jesuit-era Tupinambá and Old Guaraní. With the gold layers of the other shelves they feed a gold lemma index of 25.5 million rows in 53 languages (as of 7 November 2026). Mostly CC BY-NC-SA.

Cuneiform and the Ancient Near East

ORACC (CC0), over a hundred projects: the complete State Archives of Assyria, the Achaemenid royal trilinguals (Old Persian and Elamite), the ePSD2 corpora and the CC0 project pack, with gold lemmatization for Akkadian and Sumerian and English line by line. Around it: the CDLI universal catalog (proto-cuneiform to the Achaemenids, by open grant); the TLHdig Hittite corpus (CC BY, its candidate morphology at the silver tier) and a glossed Hittite corpus with German translations; the Annotated Corpus of Luwian Texts (Hieroglyphic Luwian, by the editor’s grant); the eBL Fragmentarium with English, cross-linked to CDLI; the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature; Achemenet’s Babylonian texts (CC BY); SEAL, early Akkadian literature (scholarly-use grant); and the Copenhagen Ugaritic Corpus. The Ras Shamra Tablet Inventory (OCHRE, written grant, CC BY-NC-SA) is the inventory of Ugarit: one record per inscribed object, with RS↔KTU/CTA/UT concordances, findspots, and line-grain editions where published.

Egyptian

The Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae’s datasets (CC BY-SA): gold-lemmatized sentences from the Pyramid Texts to the literary canon, plus Late Egyptian and the only bulk Demotic anywhere, with the Ägyptische Wortliste as the dictionary and the Comprehensive Coptic Lexicon, whose Egyptian↔Coptic crosswalk follows a word across the whole span.

Hebrew and Aramaic

The Masoretic text of the Leningrad Codex byte-verbatim (OSHB, with morphology and ketiv/qere) and the ETCBC BHSA with clause and phrase syntax; the Dead Sea Scrolls (Abegg’s CC BY-NC grant), linked to Hebrew Bible lexemes; the verse-aligned Sefaria Targums; the Peshitta Old Testament and the Digital Syriac Corpus (CC BY); the lexica that resolve every word to its BDB entry, and the UBS Semantic Dictionary; and the inscriptions of Israel/Palestine. CC BY or non-commercial per source.

Elephantine

The multilingual documentary record of one island community, from the Berlin ERC papyri and ostraca database (Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, CC BY-SA): Imperial Aramaic from the Judean garrison’s archives, Greek, Demotic, earlier Egyptian, Coptic, Arabic, Latin and Phoenician, with English translations displayable line by line, and dates and genre, material and object-type facets where recorded.

Arabic and Persian

The OpenITI corpus, the premodern Islamicate library: Quran and hadith, history and biography, fiqh, kalām and falsafa, the dīwāns and adab, with the Persian classics (Ḥāfiẓ, Niẓāmī, ʿAṭṭār, Ibn Sīnā). Passages are cited by volume, page and paragraph; Arabic-script search ignores tashkeel and bridges the Persian and Arabic keyboards. Beside it: the KITAB text-reuse alignments, the DiCCAS disaster accounts, and the al-Ṯurayyā gazetteer. Licensed CC BY-NC-SA — non-commercial research use, never redistributed.

Iranian and the Silk Road

Oxford’s Invisible East corpus (CC BY): documents of the medieval Islamicate East in New Persian, Sogdian, Bactrian, Judeo-Persian, Middle Persian and Arabic. Skjærvø’s catalogue of the Khotanese manuscripts in the British Library (CC BY); the Kaʿba-ye Zartošt inscription aligned in Middle Persian, Parthian and Greek; Ḥāfeẓ in Perseus. Under personal research grants from the TITUS project (Frankfurt, held non-commercial): the Avestan canon, the Pahlavi books, the Bactrian documents, the Manichaica, the Khotanese and Sogdian books, and the complete Tocharian A and B corpora, including two Tumshuqese leaves.

Turkic and Mongolic

ATMO (Indiana University and Lund University Library, CC BY-SA): Eastern Turki manuscripts of the eighteenth to twentieth centuries, Perso-Arabic text with a Latin transliteration on every line. Beside it, the Old Turkic treebank, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur and Chagatai dictionary extracts, and the West Old Turkic loanword dictionary. For Mongolic: John C. Street’s romanized Secret History of the Mongols (Monumenta Altaica, by the maintainer’s grant), at Street’s own numbering.

Ethiopic (Gǝʿǝz)

Beta maṣāḥǝft (Hiob-Ludolf-Zentrum, Hamburg, CC BY-SA): the text-bearing works of its catalog, including the Gǝʿǝz Bible. TraCES (ERC, Hamburg): a gold morphologically analyzed corpus — the Gospel of Matthew, the Kebra nagast, the chronicle of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon, the Testamentum Domini and the Aksumite royal inscriptions — each token linked to its entry in Dillmann’s Lexicon linguae aethiopicae on the reference shelf.

Pre-Roman Italy and Sicily

The OpenEtruscan inscriptions with English and the ETP glossary; CEIPoM’s lemmatized epigraphy of the peninsula (Oscan, Umbrian with the Iguvine Tables, Venetic, Messapic, South Picene, Faliscan, archaic Latin); Corpus ItAnt’s critical editions; the Lexicon Leponticum and Raetic corpora from Vienna; and I.Sicily across all the languages of ancient Sicily. CC BY per source.

Aegean scripts

DĀMOS, the Mycenaean Linear B corpus; SigLA, the signs of Linear A; and the Cypriot syllabic inscriptions of IG XV 1,1. CC BY or non-commercial per source.

Biblical editions

The editions that serve the alignment hub: the Clementine Vulgate (public domain), the SBL Greek New Testament (CC BY) and the World English Bible (public domain). A Gospel citation renders across every registered New Testament witness; the Old Testament runs Masoretic text ↔ Septuagint ↔ Vulgate ↔ English ↔ Targum Onkelos ↔ Peshitta, with the Greek/Hebrew Psalm numbering mapped explicitly.

Old English

The complete Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records — Beowulf, the Junius Manuscript, the Vercelli Book, the Exeter Book, the Paris Psalter and the Minor Poems — cited by the printed line numbers (CC BY-SA), beside the ISWOC prose treebank and the Bosworth-Toller dictionary with æ/þ/ð-tolerant lookup.

Slavic

The Old Church Slavonic gospel codices in the Helsinki CCMH transliteration (Zographensis, Marianus, Assemanianus, Savvina kniga) beside the PROIEL/TOROT editions; the Freising Manuscripts in three transcription layers with modern translations (CC BY-ND, held at the strictest access class); Early Modern Slovenian print (goo300k, gold-annotated, and IMP); the damaskini (CLARIN.SI, CC BY-SA), Balkan Slavic witnesses with English. Beyond them: Wikisource collections from Serbian epic song to the Old East Slavic chronicles, each admitted under written public-domain rules; Scripta Bulgarica (CC BY-NC-SA); the Ipatiev chronicle; the 1488 Prague Bible; the Slovene and Croatian Protestant prints, now joined by Korpus 16 — the whole printed output of the Slovene Reformation, 45 books of 1550–1595 from Trubar’s first Slovene book to Dalmatin’s Bible, double-keyed against the prints (CC BY-SA); the Croatian school canon; the Serbian ELTeC novels and the Vuk–Daničić Bible; and the German Slavistics canon as a reference shelf.

Baltic, Finnic and Basque

SENIE, early written Latvian; VAKK, Old Written Estonian; VKS, Old Literary Finnish; and BIM/SAHCOBA, the syntactically annotated historical Basque corpus — sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. CC BY or non-commercial per source.

The Chinese libraries

The Kanseki Repository (Kyoto; the KR1 classics through the KR5 Daoist canon) and the CBETA Buddhist canon (Taishō and Xuzangjing), with Chinese Wikisource’s censused works, the NiuTrans Classical↔Modern parallel corpus (its modern side web-crawled, and labelled so) and the Đại Việt classical shelf. The character instruments — Unihan, the BabelStone IDS decompositions, Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese, the rime books, the Heian HDIC dictionaries, the Thesaurus Linguae Sericae — feed the nabu char card. Traditional, simplified and variant spellings fold together at search. CC BY-SA, CC BY-NC-SA or MIT per source.

Korean

The open datasets of the National Institute of Korean History and the Institute for the Translation of Korean Classics (KOGL, free use with credit): the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty, the Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat, the two Goryeo histories, the Border Defense Command register and the ITKC’s classical originals in hanmun. Beside them, the Open Korean Historical Corpus’s historical slice (CC BY-NC) and, from Korean Wikisource, the Yongbi eocheon ga of 1447 in Middle Korean.

The Tibetan canon

The Derge Kangyur and Tengyur, complete and public domain, cited by page and line with the carving variants preserved; the 84000 English translations (CC BY-NC-ND); Old Tibetan Documents Online (ILCAA, Tokyo, CC BY) — Dunhuang manuscripts, imperial pillar inscriptions and the Old Tibetan Annals and Chronicle; and the SOAS Classical Tibetan corpus with gold part-of-speech tags. The dictionary rack sits on the reference shelf.

The Japanese reading desk

Aozora Bunko’s public-domain modern literature, with ruby readings kept as annotations and old character forms reachable from modern ones (国 finds 國); the National Diet Library’s classical books as labelled machine OCR; Minna de Honkoku’s citizen transcriptions (CC BY-SA); Japanese Wikisource from Asuka to Edo; the NIJL TEI Kokinshū and Man’yōshū; Ikeda Kikan’s critical Genji; ONCOJ’s gold-morphology Old Japanese; and NINJAL’s transcriptions of the Jesuit mission press — the 1592 Feiqe no monogatari, Aesop of 1593 and the 1596 Contemptus Mundi, Late Middle Japanese printed in the mission’s own phonetic romanization, with the 1603 Nippo Jisho headwords on the reference shelf. From Aozora Bunko, only copyright-expired works are taken.

Southeast Asia

The DHARMA project’s epigraphy of Old Khmer, Champa, the Pyu city-states and the Nusantara charters (Old Javanese, Old Malay, Old Sundanese), with the Old Javanese kakawin library; the Old Burmese inscriptions of Bagan; the Old Javanese Wordnet. The manuscript shelves: Balinese palm-leaf lontars in Balinese script, the Jawi-script Malay manuscripts of the Leiden and British Library collections, and the Thai Collected Chronicles. CC BY, CC BY-SA or public domain per source.

The Germanic shelves

North: the Menotec and Menota Old Norse manuscripts and treebanks (with the Poetic Edda of Codex Regius), the Fornsvenska textbanken, the Old Icelandic IcePaHC treebank, and Rundata’s Scandinavian runic inscriptions with their normalisations and translations. West: the Old Saxon Heliand, the reference corpora of Middle High German (ReM), Middle Low German (ReN) and Early New High German (ReF), the Deutsches Textarchiv’s German print from 1473 to 1969, the Wolfenbüttel Grand Tour journals — four German travel diaries of 1652–1702 edited from the manuscripts — and Old and Early Middle Dutch (held for private research only). East: Wulfila’s Gothic on the PROIEL treebank. CC BY, CC BY-SA, ODbL or non-commercial per source.

Middle and Early Modern English

The Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse (University of Michigan, public domain), from Chaucer to the mystery plays, and the Text Creation Partnership’s hand-keyed transcriptions on both sides of the Atlantic: EEBO-TCP, the first printed books in English, 1473 to 1700; Evans-TCP, everything printed in British America 1639 to 1800 — sermons, broadsides, the Revolutionary pamphlet war, the first American novels; and ECCO-TCP, the keyed selection from eighteenth-century British print — Defoe, Swift, Pope, Johnson, Hume (all CC0; no page images are held). Beside the print, the Folger’s Early Modern Manuscripts Online: a hundred English manuscripts of 1552–1697 transcribed word by word, with regularized spelling as an annotation layer (CC BY-SA). The trade’s own ledger stands beside its output: the Stationers’ Register Online (CREATe, University of Glasgow), the copy entries of Registers A–D, 1557–1640 — who proposed to print what, licensed by whom, for what fee. And the law the trade worked under: Statutes of the Realm, volumes 5–7, the Acts of Parliament 1625–1701 in Raithby’s Record Commission edition via British History Online, from the Petition of Right to the Act of Settlement (public domain, per page).

Africa

Boston University’s African Ajami Library — Hausa, Mandinka, Fula and Wolof manuscripts in Arabic script — the Old Nubian treebank, and a public-domain shelf of nineteenth-century African-language grammars and texts. Public domain or non-commercial per source.

The Americas

Ticha (Haverford College, CC BY-SA): colonial Valley Zapotec in TEI — Córdova’s 1578 Arte, Agüero’s 1666 Miscelaneo, and notarial testaments, each marked as original or period translation. The Royal Danish Library’s public-domain Guaman Poma, Nueva corónica y buen gobierno, page by page in Spanish with Quechua and Aymara passages. The Tupinambá and Old Guaraní treebanks ride the Universal Dependencies shelf.

Reference shelf

Dictionaries as structured data rather than page images — 5,281,593 entries as of 7 November 2026. The classical and older-language lexica: Liddell-Scott-Jones, Lewis & Short, Bosworth-Toller, Monier-Williams, the Welsh GPC, Dillmann’s Gǝʿǝz lexicon, the Hebrew and Egyptian lexica, the Sino-Japanese character dictionaries and rime books, and the Tibetan rack (the Mahāvyutpatti, the Verbs Database, the Monlam headwords). The etymological witnesses: Wiktionary-derived lexica and reconstruction dictionaries with descendant trees, IE-CoR, LIV, de Vaan’s Latin, DÉRom’s Proto-Romance, and the StarLing / Tower of Babel databases (by written grant, each compiler credited). Further: three Slovenian historical dictionaries, Brückner’s Polish and Nasovič’s Belarusian, and the typological databases CLICS and WOLD. The early modern English word-books arrived whole with LEME (University of Toronto, CC BY): over three hundred dictionaries, glossaries and herbals of c. 1475–1755, each in the print’s own spelling — Elyot, Florio, Cawdrey, Cotgrave, Blount, Bailey, Johnson. Dictionary citations resolve to live passages where the cited work is held: the LSJ entry for μῆνις points at Iliad 1.1.

The local shelves

The library’s 5 local shelves hold material that is authored, acquired or computed rather than downloaded: per-language dossiers feeding the nabu language cards; the owner’s own PDFs, scans and offprints, filed as page-cited collections through nabu ingest (see Tools) and never served or redistributed; a curated description of every registered source; the owner’s notes on any citable URN through nabu note; and the raw output of the local lemmatization campaigns, from which the silver lemma tier is projected. Their contents and counts are deliberately absent from this site.