Sumerian Addenda

The deck — cut 3

The same cards as the drills shelf, dealt in another order. Answer out loud or on paper, then unfold and check. Next session, take another cut.

1. 𒈤MAH · [mah] · great, exalted [mah] — what does it mean?

   exalted · MAH · great, exalted

2. [a] · arm — write it

   𒀉A₂ · [a] · arm; strength; side — a₂ zid-da, the right side · A2 · arm; strength; side — a₂ zid-da, the right side

3. 𒇲LAL · [la] · to hang, to weigh out; the spelling la₂ — read it

   [la] · weigh · LAL · to hang, to weigh out; the spelling la₂

4. 𒈗LUGAL · [lugal] · king — read it

   [lugal] · king · LUGAL · king

5. 𒄀GI · [gi] · reed — the writing tool itself; gi in Šul-gi [gi] — what does it mean?

   reed · GI · reed — the writing tool itself; gi in Šul-gi

6. 𒄥GUR · [gur] · gur — the great capacity measure of grain accounts [gurthe big Mesopotamian grain measure — three hundred sila of roughly a liter each, so about 300 liters of barley; the granary's counterpart to the silver-scale's mina] — what does it mean?

   bushel · GURthe big Mesopotamian grain measure — three hundred sila of roughly a liter each, so about 300 liters of barley; the granary's counterpart to the silver-scale's mina · gurthe big Mesopotamian grain measure — three hundred sila of roughly a liter each, so about 300 liters of barley; the granary's counterpart to the silver-scale's mina — the great capacity measure of grain accounts

7. 𒌧KALAM · [kalam] · the Land — Sumer as its own texts name it [kalam] — what does it mean?

   the Land · KALAM · the Land — Sumer as its own texts name it

8. 𒉡NU · [nu] · not — the negation — read it

   [nu] · not · NU · not — the negation

9. 𒂄DUN · [šul] · young man in his prime, hero — Šulgi's own name-word — read it

   [šul] · hero · DUN · young man in his prime, hero (šul) — Šulgi's own name-word

10. 𒄘GU₂ · [gu] · neck; riverbank; total — read it

    [gu] · neck · GU2 · neck; riverbank; total (in accounts)

11. [ki] · place — write it

    𒆠KI · [ki] · earth; place · KI · earth; place (determinativea silent sign at the end (in cuneiform, often the front) of a word that classifies it — person, god, place, motion — never pronounced {ki})

12. 𒈨ME · [me] · rites, divine powers; to be [me] — what does it mean?

    rites · ME · rites, divine powers; to be

13. 𒆬KU₃ · [ku] · pure, holy; precious metal — read it

    [ku] · pure · KU3 · pure, holy; precious metal

14. 𒄄GI₄ · [gi] · to return, restore; to answer [gi] — what does it mean?

    return · GI4 · to return, restore; to answer

15. 𒄩HA · [ha] · the fish pictogram; the wish-prefix ha- [ha] — what does it mean?

    fish · HA · the fish pictogram (word read ku₆); the wish-prefix ha-

16. 𒅎IM · [im] · clay; rain, storm [im] — what does it mean?

    storm · IM · clay; rain, storm

17. 𒈬MU · [mu] · name; year [mu] — what does it mean?

    name · MU · name; year

18. [lil], kid · spirit — write it

    𒆤KID · [lil], kid · air, spirit — the LIL of Enlil · KID · air, spirit (lil₂) — the LIL of Enlil

19. 𒀝AK · [ak] · to do, to make — read it

    [ak] · do · AK · to do, to make

20. 𒃻GAR · [niŋ] · thing, property; to place — read it

    [niŋ] · thing · GAR · thing, property (niŋ₂); to place (gar)

21. 𒀉A₂ · [a] · arm; strength; side — a₂ zid-da, the right side [a] — what does it mean?

    arm · A2 · arm; strength; side — a₂ zid-da, the right side

22. [la] · weigh — write it

    𒇲LAL · [la] · to hang, to weigh out; the spelling la₂ · LAL · to hang, to weigh out; the spelling la₂

23. [lugal] · king — write it

    𒈗LUGAL · [lugal] · king · LUGAL · king

24. [nu] · not — write it

    𒉡NU · [nu] · not — the negation · NU · not — the negation

25. [šul] · hero — write it

    𒂄DUN · [šul] · young man in his prime, hero — Šulgi's own name-word · DUN · young man in his prime, hero (šul) — Šulgi's own name-word

26. 𒉈NE · [ne] · brazier/fire; [ne] — read it

    [ne] · brazier · NE · brazier/fire; [ne]

27. 𒊒RU · [ru] · to dedicate — a mu-na-ru, the votive's closing verb — read it

    [ru] · dedicate · RU · to dedicate — a mu-na-ru, the votivegiven to a god in fulfillment of a vow — votive objects carry dedication inscriptions's closing verb

28. [gu] · neck — write it

    𒄘GU₂ · [gu] · neck; riverbank; total · GU2 · neck; riverbank; total (in accounts)

29. 𒂵GA · [ga] · milk; [ga] — read it

    [ga] · milk · GA · milk; [ga]

30. 𒆠KI · [ki] · earth; place [ki] — what does it mean?

    place · KI · earth; place (determinativea silent sign at the end (in cuneiform, often the front) of a word that classifies it — person, god, place, motion — never pronounced {ki})

31. [ku] · pure — write it

    𒆬KU₃ · [ku] · pure, holy; precious metal · KU3 · pure, holy; precious metal

32. 𒀀A · [a] · water — read it

    [a] · water · A · water

33. 𒉌NI · [ni], i₃ · [ni]; oil, butter as i₃ — read it

    [ni], i₃ · oil · NI · [ni]; oil, butter as i₃

34. 𒆤KID · [lil], kid · air, spirit — the LIL of Enlil [lil], kid — what does it mean?

    spirit · KID · air, spirit (lil₂) — the LIL of Enlil

35. 𒌅TU · [tu] · to be born — read it

    [tu] · born · TU · to be born (tu-ud)

36. [ak] · do — write it

    𒀝AK · [ak] · to do, to make · AK · to do, to make

37. 𒆗KAL · [kal] · mighty, strong; precious — read it

    [kal] · mighty · KAL · mighty, strong (kalag); precious

38. [niŋ] · thing — write it

    𒃻GAR · [niŋ] · thing, property; to place · GAR · thing, property (niŋ₂); to place (gar)

39. 𒌉TUR · [dumu], tur · child, son; small — read it

    [dumu], tur · child · TUR · child, son (dumu); small (tur)

40. 𒇲LAL · [la] · to hang, to weigh out; the spelling la₂ [la] — what does it mean?

    weigh · LAL · to hang, to weigh out; the spelling la₂

41. 𒈗LUGAL · [lugal] · king [lugal] — what does it mean?

    king · LUGAL · king

42. 𒉡NU · [nu] · not — the negation [nu] — what does it mean?

    not · NU · not — the negation

43. 𒂄DUN · [šul] · young man in his prime, hero — Šulgi's own name-word [šul] — what does it mean?

    hero · DUN · young man in his prime, hero (šul) — Šulgi's own name-word

44. [ne] · brazier — write it

    𒉈NE · [ne] · brazier/fire; [ne] · NE · brazier/fire; [ne]

45. 𒀭AN · [an], diŋir · heaven; god — read it

    [an], diŋir · heaven · AN · heaven; god (determinativea silent sign at the end (in cuneiform, often the front) of a word that classifies it — person, god, place, motion — never pronounced {d})

46. [ru] · dedicate — write it

    𒊒RU · [ru] · to dedicate — a mu-na-ru, the votive's closing verb · RU · to dedicate — a mu-na-ru, the votivegiven to a god in fulfillment of a vow — votive objects carry dedication inscriptions's closing verb

47. 𒄘GU₂ · [gu] · neck; riverbank; total [gu] — what does it mean?

    neck · GU2 · neck; riverbank; total (in accounts)

48. [ga] · milk — write it

    𒂵GA · [ga] · milk; [ga] · GA · milk; [ga]

49. 𒆬KU₃ · [ku] · pure, holy; precious metal [ku] — what does it mean?

    pure · KU3 · pure, holy; precious metal

50. [a] · water — write it

    𒀀A · [a] · water · A · water

51. [ni], i₃ · oil — write it

    𒉌NI · [ni], i₃ · [ni]; oil, butter as i₃ · NI · [ni]; oil, butter as i₃

52. 𒂠EŠ₂ · [še] · rope; the terminative -še₃ — read it

    [še] · rope · EŠ2 · rope; the terminativethe grammatical case meaning "to, toward, up to" — Sumerian marks it with -še₃ -še3

53. [tu] · born — write it

    𒌅TU · [tu] · to be born · TU · to be born (tu-ud)

54. 𒀝AK · [ak] · to do, to make [ak] — what does it mean?

    do · AK · to do, to make

55. [kal] · mighty — write it

    𒆗KAL · [kal] · mighty, strong; precious · KAL · mighty, strong (kalag); precious

56. 𒃻GAR · [niŋ] · thing, property; to place [niŋ] — what does it mean?

    thing · GAR · thing, property (niŋ₂); to place (gar)

57. [dumu], tur · child — write it

    𒌉TUR · [dumu], tur · child, son; small · TUR · child, son (dumu); small (tur)

58. 𒉈NE · [ne] · brazier/fire; [ne] [ne] — what does it mean?

    brazier · NE · brazier/fire; [ne]

59. [an], diŋir · heaven — write it

    𒀭AN · [an], diŋir · heaven; god · AN · heaven; god (determinativea silent sign at the end (in cuneiform, often the front) of a word that classifies it — person, god, place, motion — never pronounced {d})

60. 𒊒RU · [ru] · to dedicate — a mu-na-ru, the votive's closing verb [ru] — what does it mean?

    dedicate · RU · to dedicate — a mu-na-ru, the votivegiven to a god in fulfillment of a vow — votive objects carry dedication inscriptions's closing verb

61. 𒂵GA · [ga] · milk; [ga] [ga] — what does it mean?

    milk · GA · milk; [ga]

62. 𒃲GAL · [gal] · big, great — read it

    [gal] · big · GAL · big, great

63. 𒀀A · [a] · water [a] — what does it mean?

    water · A · water

64. 𒍣ZI · [zi] · breath, life; true, righteous — read it

    [zi] · breath · ZI · breath, life; true, righteous (zid)

65. 𒉌NI · [ni], i₃ · [ni]; oil, butter as i₃ [ni], i₃ — what does it mean?

    oil · NI · [ni]; oil, butter as i₃

66. [še] · rope — write it

    𒂠EŠ₂ · [še] · rope; the terminative -še₃ · EŠ2 · rope; the terminativethe grammatical case meaning "to, toward, up to" — Sumerian marks it with -še₃ -še3

67. 𒌅TU · [tu] · to be born [tu] — what does it mean?

    born · TU · to be born (tu-ud)

68. 𒊮ŠA₃ · [ša] · heart, midst, mood — read it

    [ša] · heart · ŠA3 · heart, midst, mood

69. 𒆗KAL · [kal] · mighty, strong; precious [kal] — what does it mean?

    mighty · KAL · mighty, strong (kalag); precious

70. 𒅥KA×GAR · [gu] · to eat — read it

    [gu] · eat · KA×GAR · to eat

71. 𒌉TUR · [dumu], tur · child, son; small [dumu], tur — what does it mean?

    child · TUR · child, son (dumu); small (tur)

72. 𒋗ŠU · [šu] · hand — read it

    [šu] · hand · ŠU · hand

73. 𒀭AN · [an], diŋir · heaven; god [an], diŋir — what does it mean?

    heaven · AN · heaven; god (determinativea silent sign at the end (in cuneiform, often the front) of a word that classifies it — person, god, place, motion — never pronounced {d})

74. 𒇽LU₂ · [lu] · man, person — read it

    [lu] · man · LU2 · man, person

75. 𒆳KUR · [kur] · mountain; foreign land — read it

    [kur] · mountain · KUR · mountain; foreign land

76. [gal] · big — write it

    𒃲GAL · [gal] · big, great · GAL · big, great

77. 𒊑RI · [ri] · [ri]; distant — ud ri-a, "in those days" — read it

    [ri] · distant · RI · [ri]; distant — ud ri-a, "in those days"

78. 𒋛SI · [si] · horn; to fill — read it

    [si] · horn · SI · horn; to fill

79. [zi] · breath — write it

    𒍣ZI · [zi] · breath, life; true, righteous · ZI · breath, life; true, righteous (zid)

80. 𒆷LA · [la] · [la]; abundance — read it

    [la] · abundance · LA · [la]; abundance

81. 𒂠EŠ₂ · [še] · rope; the terminative -še₃ [še] — what does it mean?

    rope · EŠ2 · rope; the terminativethe grammatical case meaning "to, toward, up to" — Sumerian marks it with -še₃ -še3

82. [ša] · heart — write it

    𒊮ŠA₃ · [ša] · heart, midst, mood · ŠA3 · heart, midst, mood

83. 𒁉BI · [bi] · its/that; [bi] — read it

    [bi] · its · BI · its/that; [bi] (a vessel in origin)

84. 𒊕SAG · [saŋ] · head; first — read it

    [saŋ] · head · SAG · head; first

85. 𒊺ŠE · [še] · barley; grain — read it

    [še] · barley · ŠE · barley; grain

86. [gu] · eat — write it

    𒅥KA×GAR · [gu] · to eat · KA×GAR · to eat

87. 𒁲DI · [di] · lawsuit, judgment; to speak — read it

    [di] · verdict · DI · lawsuit, judgment; to speak (di)

88. [šu] · hand — write it

    𒋗ŠU · [šu] · hand · ŠU · hand

89. 𒂗EN · [en] · lord; high priest — read it

    [en] · lord · EN · lord; high priest

90. 𒂼AMA · [ama] · mother — read it

    [ama] · mother · AMA · mother

91. [kur] · mountain — write it

    𒆳KUR · [kur] · mountain; foreign land · KUR · mountain; foreign land

92. [lu] · man — write it

    𒇽LU₂ · [lu] · man, person · LU2 · man, person

93. [ri] · distant — write it

    𒊑RI · [ri] · [ri]; distant — ud ri-a, "in those days" · RI · [ri]; distant — ud ri-a, "in those days"

94. 𒃲GAL · [gal] · big, great [gal] — what does it mean?

    big · GAL · big, great

95. [si] · horn — write it

    𒋛SI · [si] · horn; to fill · SI · horn; to fill

96. 𒍣ZI · [zi] · breath, life; true, righteous [zi] — what does it mean?

    breath · ZI · breath, life; true, righteous (zid)

97. 𒋧SUM · [šum] · to give — read it

    [šum] · give · SUM · to give (a bundle of onions in origin)

98. [la] · abundance — write it

    𒆷LA · [la] · [la]; abundance · LA · [la]; abundance

99. 𒅔IN · [in] · [in]; the verbal prefix in- — read it

    [in] · in- · IN · [in]; the verbal prefix in-

100. [bi] · its — write it

     𒁉BI · [bi] · its/that; [bi] · BI · its/that; [bi] (a vessel in origin)

101. 𒊮ŠA₃ · [ša] · heart, midst, mood [ša] — what does it mean?

     heart · ŠA3 · heart, midst, mood

102. [saŋ] · head — write it

     𒊕SAG · [saŋ] · head; first · SAG · head; first

103. 𒁕DA · [da] · side; [da] — read it

     [da] · side · DA · side; [da] (comitativethe grammatical case meaning "together with" — Sumerian marks it with -da in context)

104. [še] · barley — write it

     𒊺ŠE · [še] · barley; grain · ŠE · barley; grain

105. 𒁺DU · [du] · to go; a foot/leg in origin — read it

     [du] · go · DU · to go; a foot/leg in origin

106. 𒅥KA×GAR · [gu] · to eat [gu] — what does it mean?

     eat · KA×GAR · to eat

107. 𒋫TA · [ta] · [ta] — read it

     [ta] · from · TA · [ta] (ablativethe grammatical case meaning "from, out of" — Sumerian marks it with -ta marker in context)

108. 𒅘KA×A · [naŋ] · to drink — read it

     [naŋ] · drink · KA×A · to drink

109. [di] · verdict — write it

     𒁲DI · [di] · lawsuit, judgment; to speak · DI · lawsuit, judgment; to speak (di)

110. 𒋗ŠU · [šu] · hand [šu] — what does it mean?

     hand · ŠU · hand

111. [en] · lord — write it

     𒂗EN · [en] · lord; high priest · EN · lord; high priest

112. [ama] · mother — write it

     𒂼AMA · [ama] · mother · AMA · mother

113. 𒁾DUB · [dub] · tablet — read it

     [dub] · tablet · DUB · (clay) tablet

114. 𒆳KUR · [kur] · mountain; foreign land [kur] — what does it mean?

     mountain · KUR · mountain; foreign land

115. 𒇽LU₂ · [lu] · man, person [lu] — what does it mean?

     man · LU2 · man, person

116. 𒊑RI · [ri] · [ri]; distant — ud ri-a, "in those days" [ri] — what does it mean?

     distant · RI · [ri]; distant — ud ri-a, "in those days"

117. 𒋛SI · [si] · horn; to fill [si] — what does it mean?

     horn · SI · horn; to fill

118. 𒀸AŠ · [aš] · one; single — read it

     [aš] · one · AŠ · one; single

119. [šum] · give — write it

     𒋧SUM · [šum] · to give · SUM · to give (a bundle of onions in origin)

120. 𒆷LA · [la] · [la]; abundance [la] — what does it mean?

     abundance · LA · [la]; abundance

121. [in] · in- — write it

     𒅔IN · [in] · [in]; the verbal prefix in- · IN · [in]; the verbal prefix in-

122. 𒁉BI · [bi] · its/that; [bi] [bi] — what does it mean?

     its · BI · its/that; [bi] (a vessel in origin)

123. 𒆪KU · [ku] · to seize; to sit, dwell — read it

     [ku] · seize · KU · to seize (dab₅); to sit, dwell (tuš)

124. 𒊕SAG · [saŋ] · head; first [saŋ] — what does it mean?

     head · SAG · head; first

125. [da] · side — write it

     𒁕DA · [da] · side; [da] · DA · side; [da] (comitativethe grammatical case meaning "together with" — Sumerian marks it with -da in context)

126. 𒊺ŠE · [še] · barley; grain [še] — what does it mean?

     barley · ŠE · barley; grain

127. [du] · go — write it

     𒁺DU · [du] · to go; a foot/leg in origin · DU · to go; a foot/leg in origin

128. 𒈾NA · [na] · [na]; stone in some words — read it

     [na] · stone · NA · [na]; stone in some words

129. [ta] · from — write it

     𒋫TA · [ta] · [ta] · TA · [ta] (ablativethe grammatical case meaning "from, out of" — Sumerian marks it with -ta marker in context)

130. [naŋ] · drink — write it

     𒅘KA×A · [naŋ] · to drink · KA×A · to drink

131. 𒄿I · [i] · the bare vowel i; the cry of laments — read it

     [i] · cry · I · the bare vowel i; the cry of laments (i-lu)

132. 𒁲DI · [di] · lawsuit, judgment; to speak [di] — what does it mean?

     verdict · DI · lawsuit, judgment; to speak (di)

133. 𒂗EN · [en] · lord; high priest [en] — what does it mean?

     lord · EN · lord; high priest

134. 𒂼AMA · [ama] · mother [ama] — what does it mean?

     mother · AMA · mother

135. [dub] · tablet — write it

     𒁾DUB · [dub] · tablet · DUB · (clay) tablet

136. 𒁀BA · [ba] · to allot; the verbal prefix ba- — read it

     [ba] · allot · BA · to allot; the verbal prefix ba-

137. 𒂊E · [e] · [e]; as a word, levee/ditch — read it

     [e] · levee · E · [e]; as a word, levee/ditch

138. 𒋻TAR · [tar] · to cut; to decree — read it

     [tar] · cut · TAR · to cut; to decree (nam ... tar, to decree fate)

139. 𒍪ZU · [zu] · to know; the -zu of "your" — read it

     [zu] · know · ZU · to know; the -zu of "your"

140. 𒎏NIN · [nin] · lady, queen, mistress — read it

     [nin] · lady · NIN · lady, queen, mistress

141. [aš] · one — write it

     𒀸AŠ · [aš] · one; single · AŠ · one; single

142. 𒋧SUM · [šum] · to give [šum] — what does it mean?

     give · SUM · to give (a bundle of onions in origin)

143. 𒉆NAM · [nam] · fate, destiny; abstract-noun prefix — read it

     [nam] · fate · NAM · fate, destiny; abstract-noun prefix

144. 𒅔IN · [in] · [in]; the verbal prefix in- [in] — what does it mean?

     in- · IN · [in]; the verbal prefix in-

145. [ku] · seize — write it

     𒆪KU · [ku] · to seize; to sit, dwell · KU · to seize (dab₅); to sit, dwell (tuš)

146. 𒁕DA · [da] · side; [da] [da] — what does it mean?

     side · DA · side; [da] (comitativethe grammatical case meaning "together with" — Sumerian marks it with -da in context)

147. 𒁺DU · [du] · to go; a foot/leg in origin [du] — what does it mean?

     go · DU · to go; a foot/leg in origin

148. [na] · stone — write it

     𒈾NA · [na] · [na]; stone in some words · NA · [na]; stone in some words

149. 𒋫TA · [ta] · [ta] [ta] — what does it mean?

     from · TA · [ta] (ablativethe grammatical case meaning "from, out of" — Sumerian marks it with -ta marker in context)

150. 𒅘KA×A · [naŋ] · to drink [naŋ] — what does it mean?

     drink · KA×A · to drink

151. [i] · cry — write it

     𒄿I · [i] · the bare vowel i; the cry of laments · I · the bare vowel i; the cry of laments (i-lu)

152. 𒌨UR · [ur] · dog; in names, "hound of" a god or king — read it

     [ur] · dog · UR · dog; in names, "hound of" a god or king

153. 𒆕KAK · [du] · to build; a peg — the builder's verb of every votive — read it

     [du] · build · KAK · to build; a peg — the builder's verb of every votivegiven to a god in fulfillment of a vow — votive objects carry dedication inscriptions

154. 𒁾DUB · [dub] · tablet [dub] — what does it mean?

     tablet · DUB · (clay) tablet

155. [ba] · allot — write it

     𒁀BA · [ba] · to allot; the verbal prefix ba- · BA · to allot; the verbal prefix ba-

156. [e] · levee — write it

     𒂊E · [e] · [e]; as a word, levee/ditch · E · [e]; as a word, levee/ditch

157. [tar] · cut — write it

     𒋻TAR · [tar] · to cut; to decree · TAR · to cut; to decree (nam ... tar, to decree fate)

158. [zu] · know — write it

     𒍪ZU · [zu] · to know; the -zu of "your" · ZU · to know; the -zu of "your"

159. [nin] · lady — write it

     𒎏NIN · [nin] · lady, queen, mistress · NIN · lady, queen, mistress

160. 𒀸AŠ · [aš] · one; single [aš] — what does it mean?

     one · AŠ · one; single

161. [nam] · fate — write it

     𒉆NAM · [nam] · fate, destiny; abstract-noun prefix · NAM · fate, destiny; abstract-noun prefix

162. 𒆪KU · [ku] · to seize; to sit, dwell [ku] — what does it mean?

     seize · KU · to seize (dab₅); to sit, dwell (tuš)

163. 𒌋U · [u] · ten — read it

     [u] · ten · U · ten

164. 𒈾NA · [na] · [na]; stone in some words [na] — what does it mean?

     stone · NA · [na]; stone in some words

165. 𒄿I · [i] · the bare vowel i; the cry of laments [i] — what does it mean?

     cry · I · the bare vowel i; the cry of laments (i-lu)

166. 𒁹DIŠ · [diš] · one; item marker — read it

     [diš] · tally · DIŠ · one (counting); item marker

167. [ur] · dog — write it

     𒌨UR · [ur] · dog; in names, "hound of" a god or king · UR · dog; in names, "hound of" a god or king

168. [du] · build — write it

     𒆕KAK · [du] · to build; a peg — the builder's verb of every votive · KAK · to build; a peg — the builder's verb of every votivegiven to a god in fulfillment of a vow — votive objects carry dedication inscriptions

169. 𒅗KA · [ka] · mouth — read it

     [ka] · mouth · KA · mouth

170. 𒁀BA · [ba] · to allot; the verbal prefix ba- [ba] — what does it mean?

     allot · BA · to allot; the verbal prefix ba-

171. 𒂊E · [e] · [e]; as a word, levee/ditch [e] — what does it mean?

     levee · E · [e]; as a word, levee/ditch

172. 𒋻TAR · [tar] · to cut; to decree [tar] — what does it mean?

     cut · TAR · to cut; to decree (nam ... tar, to decree fate)

173. 𒍪ZU · [zu] · to know; the -zu of "your" [zu] — what does it mean?

     know · ZU · to know; the -zu of "your"

174. 𒎏NIN · [nin] · lady, queen, mistress [nin] — what does it mean?

     lady · NIN · lady, queen, mistress

175. 𒌓UD · [ud], utu · day; sun — read it

     [ud], utu · day · UD · day; sun

176. 𒍝ZA · [za] · bead, precious stone; [za] — za-e, "you" — read it

     [za] · bead · ZA · bead, precious stone; [za] — za-e, "you"

177. 𒉆NAM · [nam] · fate, destiny; abstract-noun prefix [nam] — what does it mean?

     fate · NAM · fate, destiny; abstract-noun prefix

178. [u] · ten — write it

     𒌋U · [u] · ten · U · ten

179. 𒌗ITI · [iti] · month — the day-sign with thirty tucked inside — read it

     [iti] · month · ITI · month — the day-sign with thirty tucked inside

180. [diš] · tally — write it

     𒁹DIŠ · [diš] · one; item marker · DIŠ · one (counting); item marker

181. 𒌨UR · [ur] · dog; in names, "hound of" a god or king [ur] — what does it mean?

     dog · UR · dog; in names, "hound of" a god or king

182. 𒊬SAR · [sar] · to write; garden plot in origin — read it

     [sar] · write · SAR · to write; garden plot in origin

183. 𒆕KAK · [du] · to build; a peg — the builder's verb of every votive [du] — what does it mean?

     build · KAK · to build; a peg — the builder's verb of every votivegiven to a god in fulfillment of a vow — votive objects carry dedication inscriptions

184. [ka] · mouth — write it

     𒅗KA · [ka] · mouth · KA · mouth

185. [ud], utu · day — write it

     𒌓UD · [ud], utu · day; sun · UD · day; sun

186. [za] · bead — write it

     𒍝ZA · [za] · bead, precious stone; [za] — za-e, "you" · ZA · bead, precious stone; [za] — za-e, "you"

187. 𒈠MA · [ma] · [ma] — a spelling workhorse — read it

     [ma] · workhorse · MA · [ma] — a spelling workhorse

188. 𒌋U · [u] · ten [u] — what does it mean?

     ten · U · ten

189. 𒂍É · [e] · house, temple — read it

     [e] · house · É · house, temple

190. 𒊏RA · [ra] · [ra] — read it

     [ra] · toward · RA · [ra] (dativethe grammatical case meaning "to, for (someone)" — Sumerian marks it with -ra marker in context)

191. [iti] · month — write it

     𒌗ITI · [iti] · month — the day-sign with thirty tucked inside · ITI · month — the day-sign with thirty tucked inside

192. 𒋾TI · [ti] · arrow; by rebus, life — the textbook rebus pair — read it

     [ti] · arrow · TI · arrow; by rebusborrowing a picture for its sound instead of its meaning — drawing a sun to write "son", life — the textbook rebusborrowing a picture for its sound instead of its meaning — drawing a sun to write "son" pair

193. 𒅆IGI · [igi] · eye; face; before — igi PN, "witnessed by" — read it

     [igi] · eye · IGI · eye; face; before — igi PN, "witnessed by"

194. 𒁹DIŠ · [diš] · one; item marker [diš] — what does it mean?

     tally · DIŠ · one (counting); item marker

195. 𒈤MAH · [mah] · great, exalted — read it

     [mah] · exalted · MAH · great, exalted

196. [sar] · write — write it

     𒊬SAR · [sar] · to write; garden plot in origin · SAR · to write; garden plot in origin

197. 𒅗KA · [ka] · mouth [ka] — what does it mean?

     mouth · KA · mouth

198. 𒄀GI · [gi] · reed — the writing tool itself; gi in Šul-gi — read it

     [gi] · reed · GI · reed — the writing tool itself; gi in Šul-gi

199. 𒄥GUR · [gur] · gur — the great capacity measure of grain accounts — read it

     [gurthe big Mesopotamian grain measure — three hundred sila of roughly a liter each, so about 300 liters of barley; the granary's counterpart to the silver-scale's mina] · bushel · GURthe big Mesopotamian grain measure — three hundred sila of roughly a liter each, so about 300 liters of barley; the granary's counterpart to the silver-scale's mina · gurthe big Mesopotamian grain measure — three hundred sila of roughly a liter each, so about 300 liters of barley; the granary's counterpart to the silver-scale's mina — the great capacity measure of grain accounts

200. 𒌧KALAM · [kalam] · the Land — Sumer as its own texts name it — read it

     [kalam] · the Land · KALAM · the Land — Sumer as its own texts name it

201. 𒈨ME · [me] · rites, divine powers; to be — read it

     [me] · rites · ME · rites, divine powers; to be

202. 𒌓UD · [ud], utu · day; sun [ud], utu — what does it mean?

     day · UD · day; sun

203. 𒍝ZA · [za] · bead, precious stone; [za] — za-e, "you" [za] — what does it mean?

     bead · ZA · bead, precious stone; [za] — za-e, "you"

204. 𒄄GI₄ · [gi] · to return, restore; to answer — read it

     [gi] · return · GI4 · to return, restore; to answer

205. 𒄩HA · [ha] · the fish pictogram; the wish-prefix ha- — read it

     [ha] · fish · HA · the fish pictogram (word read ku₆); the wish-prefix ha-

206. 𒅎IM · [im] · clay; rain, storm — read it

     [im] · storm · IM · clay; rain, storm

207. [ma] · workhorse — write it

     𒈠MA · [ma] · [ma] — a spelling workhorse · MA · [ma] — a spelling workhorse

208. [e] · house — write it

     𒂍É · [e] · house, temple · É · house, temple

209. [ra] · toward — write it

     𒊏RA · [ra] · [ra] · RA · [ra] (dativethe grammatical case meaning "to, for (someone)" — Sumerian marks it with -ra marker in context)

210. 𒈬MU · [mu] · name; year — read it

     [mu] · name · MU · name; year

211. 𒌗ITI · [iti] · month — the day-sign with thirty tucked inside [iti] — what does it mean?

     month · ITI · month — the day-sign with thirty tucked inside

212. [ti] · arrow — write it

     𒋾TI · [ti] · arrow; by rebus, life — the textbook rebus pair · TI · arrow; by rebusborrowing a picture for its sound instead of its meaning — drawing a sun to write "son", life — the textbook rebusborrowing a picture for its sound instead of its meaning — drawing a sun to write "son" pair

213. [igi] · eye — write it

     𒅆IGI · [igi] · eye; face; before — igi PN, "witnessed by" · IGI · eye; face; before — igi PN, "witnessed by"

214. [mah] · exalted — write it

     𒈤MAH · [mah] · great, exalted · MAH · great, exalted

215. 𒊬SAR · [sar] · to write; garden plot in origin [sar] — what does it mean?

     write · SAR · to write; garden plot in origin

216. 𒀉A₂ · [a] · arm; strength; side — a₂ zid-da, the right side — read it

     [a] · arm · A2 · arm; strength; side — a₂ zid-da, the right side

217. [gi] · reed — write it

     𒄀GI · [gi] · reed — the writing tool itself; gi in Šul-gi · GI · reed — the writing tool itself; gi in Šul-gi

218. [gurthe big Mesopotamian grain measure — three hundred sila of roughly a liter each, so about 300 liters of barley; the granary's counterpart to the silver-scale's mina] · bushel — write it

     𒄥GUR · [gur] · gur — the great capacity measure of grain accounts · GURthe big Mesopotamian grain measure — three hundred sila of roughly a liter each, so about 300 liters of barley; the granary's counterpart to the silver-scale's mina · gurthe big Mesopotamian grain measure — three hundred sila of roughly a liter each, so about 300 liters of barley; the granary's counterpart to the silver-scale's mina — the great capacity measure of grain accounts

219. [kalam] · the Land — write it

     𒌧KALAM · [kalam] · the Land — Sumer as its own texts name it · KALAM · the Land — Sumer as its own texts name it

220. 𒆠KI · [ki] · earth; place — read it

     [ki] · place · KI · earth; place (determinativea silent sign at the end (in cuneiform, often the front) of a word that classifies it — person, god, place, motion — never pronounced {ki})

221. [me] · rites — write it

     𒈨ME · [me] · rites, divine powers; to be · ME · rites, divine powers; to be

222. [gi] · return — write it

     𒄄GI₄ · [gi] · to return, restore; to answer · GI4 · to return, restore; to answer

223. [ha] · fish — write it

     𒄩HA · [ha] · the fish pictogram; the wish-prefix ha- · HA · the fish pictogram (word read ku₆); the wish-prefix ha-

224. [im] · storm — write it

     𒅎IM · [im] · clay; rain, storm · IM · clay; rain, storm

225. 𒈠MA · [ma] · [ma] — a spelling workhorse [ma] — what does it mean?

     workhorse · MA · [ma] — a spelling workhorse

226. 𒆤KID · [lil], kid · air, spirit — the LIL of Enlil — read it

     [lil], kid · spirit · KID · air, spirit (lil₂) — the LIL of Enlil

227. 𒂍É · [e] · house, temple [e] — what does it mean?

     house · É · house, temple

228. 𒊏RA · [ra] · [ra] [ra] — what does it mean?

     toward · RA · [ra] (dativethe grammatical case meaning "to, for (someone)" — Sumerian marks it with -ra marker in context)

229. [mu] · name — write it

     𒈬MU · [mu] · name; year · MU · name; year

230. 𒋾TI · [ti] · arrow; by rebus, life — the textbook rebus pair [ti] — what does it mean?

     arrow · TI · arrow; by rebusborrowing a picture for its sound instead of its meaning — drawing a sun to write "son", life — the textbook rebusborrowing a picture for its sound instead of its meaning — drawing a sun to write "son" pair

231. 𒅆IGI · [igi] · eye; face; before — igi PN, "witnessed by" [igi] — what does it mean?

     eye · IGI · eye; face; before — igi PN, "witnessed by"

Shuffle again — cut 4 →